Repvas Current Issue

Aim: In this study, 73 abortion materials collected from different parts of Turkey were studied. In these samples, the presence of Brucella spp. was tried to be determined by using culture isolation and Real-time PCR methods. At the same time, these methods were compared in laboratory diagnosis. Patients and methods: In this study, clinical samples taken from aborted cattle from various provinces of Turkey were examined. For this purpose, a total of 79 samples, 28 of which were fetal stomach contents and 51 of which were vaginal swabs, were used as material. Brucella spp agent was investigated using culture isolation and real-time PCR method. Results: As a result of isolation of the collected samples from culture, 8 (10.12%) samples were determined as Brucella spp. positive. The same samples were then subjected to Real Time PCR testing for comparison. 11 samples (13.92%) were detected by real-time PCR for Brucella spp. determined as positive. It suggested that inhibitors, bacterial load in clinical samples and possible contaminations may reduce the chance of isolation from culture or lead to false negative results. Conclusion: As a result, it was concluded that real-time PCR can be used as an alternative method to culture in the diagnosis of brucellosis because it is a fast and reliable method.

Although Aluminum (Al) is a non-essential toxic (neurotoxic, immunotoxic, cardiotoxic, etc.), it is widely used in several industries (pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, etc.). Al-containing vaccines, medicines, contaminated food, and polluted air are the main routes of exposure (inhalation, dermal or oral). Determination and monitoring of blood element concentrations is an important tool for the clinical diagnosis of toxicity in animal health and sheep is one of the indicator species for assessing environmental health status. Aluminum is highly (>80) bound to protein in blood. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a current analytical method with high potential to contribute to clinical diagnosis in the field of animal health, where elemental concentrations in biological samples can be measured at multiple and parts per trillion (ppt) concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine, statistically analsis and compare Al concentrations in sheep (n=12) serum and plasma by ICP-MS. The concentrations (mean±SE) were 56.34±1.82 and 62.22±2.30 for serum and plasma, respectively. The mean plasma concentration was higher than the mean serum concentration, but the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.06). While toxic concentrations in the liver and kidney have been reported, there are no blood data for Al in sheep and the serum reference concentration is reported for humans only. Owing to the lack of information on Al toxicity in sheep, experimental acute toxic concentration studies of blood (whole blood, plasma, and serum) are required for Al in sheep. In the conclusion, no statistical difference was found between serum and plasma concentrations and no clinical signs observed at these concentrations.

Cadmium (Cd), one of the most important heavy metals contributing to environmental pollution, represents a significant risk factor for public health. The human body is exposed to cadmium through the ingestion of food and respiration. Cadmium accumulates in tissues such as the stomach and small intestine, where it can cause pathological changes in the organs. Melatonin is an antioxidant hormone secreted by the pineal gland, whereas vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant with therapeutic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in the stomach and small intestine of Lohmann breed chicken embryos and to treat them with melatonin and vitamin E.A total of 30 fertile eggs of the Lohmann breed were utilized in this study, and five experimental groups were established (n=6): distilled water (DW), DW+ (CdCl2), DW+Melatonin, DW+Vitamin E, DW+CdCl2+Melatonin+Vitamin E. After a single dose of CdCl2 (0.430 mM), Melatonin (5 mg) and vitamin E (3 mg) were administered to each egg via in-ovo injection, the hole was closed with liquid paraffin. The fertile eggs were transferred to the incubator and the study was completed before the chicks hatched (day 21). The stomach and small intestine tissue of the chicks were excised, fixed in 10% formaldehyde, and processed using an alcohol and xylene series. Following the completion of routine histological procedures, the samples were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and examined under a light microscope. A decrease in average body and organ weight was observed in the CdCl2 group, while the mixture of melatonin and vitamin E prevented this decrease. The administration of CdCl2resulted in the necrosis and hemorrhage of gastric epithelial cells, as well as the deformation of small intestine crypts, the rupture and fracture of villi, and hemorrhage. The administration of CdCl2 induced pathologies in the gastrointestinal system, and the mixture of Melatonin and Vitamin E may have a limited effect in treating the damage. Further studies are required to determine the protective properties of melatonin and Vitamin E against CdCl2 in different experimental animals.

Organic acids are carboxylic acids with the R-COOH structure and are released naturally through metabolic events. Organic acids are widely used as preservatives in poultry feed, especially to keep mold and other microorganisms under control. Organic acids are grouped according to the number of carbon atoms and carboxyl groups in their structures. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of adding different levels of organic acids (Propionic acid, Acetic acid, Formic acid and Lactic acid) to laying hen rations on some parameters of egg quality, productivity and intestinal villi. In the study, 180 Akbay lines, 40-week-old white laying hens, were divided into 3 groups and 6 replicates. Ad libitum drinking water was added to CN group chickens, 1 lt/1000 lt and 2 lt/1000 lt organic acid (85% Formic acid, Propionic acid, 80% Lactic Acid, 80% Acetic Acid) was added to the water of OAM-1 and OAM-2 group chickens and it was given 30 days. There was no statistically significant difference in the length measurement of intestinal duodenum, jejunum and ileum villi between the control and the groups to which organic acid was added (P>0.05). There was no lesion in the histopathological examination of the intestines. Egg productivity parameters such as egg weight, yolk color index, albumen height, Haugh unit and strength were found to be statistically significant between the groups (P<0.05). As a result, it is thought that it would be appropriate to add organic acid to the drinking water of laying hens for shell quality and quality egg production.

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of calving season and parity on the reproductive performances of CI (calving interval) and DP (dry period) in Anatolian buffaloes raised under farm conditions in Bartın province of Turkey between 2015 and 2020. For this purpose, 1251 records of 616 Anatolian buffaloes were evaluated to determine CI and DP from the reproductive performances of Anatolian buffaloes. In the analysis of the data obtained in the study, the effects of calving season and parity, which are environmental factors, on DP and CI, which are reproductive parameters, were calculated by the "Least Squares Method". Statistical significance of mean values was determined by analysis of variance, and statistical differences between means were evaluated using the Tukey test. Within the framework of the study, the values of CI and DP, the reproductive characteristics of Anatolian buffaloes, were determined as 423.84 ± 3.06 days and 149.55 ± 2.81 days, respectively. In the work, the effect of parity and calving season on CI and DP was found to be statistically significant. At the same time, high positive phenotypic correlations were found between CI and DP (r: 0.722, p<0.001). In this study, the highest reproductive performance in Anatolian buffaloes was obtained in the third and fourth parities, with those calving in the spring season. In the study, it was concluded that taking into consideration the CI and DP factors, which are found to be important and affecting productivity in the selection of breeding animals by breeders will contribute to farm efficiency.

Laminitis is a condition characterized by lameness, which poses a significant economic burden on the dairy industry. Nowadays, Laminitis causes significant economic challenges primarily due to its impact on milk production. Laminitis presents a challenge in combatting due to its multifactorial etiology. This is why it remains a widespread issue globally, including the developed countries. This study aims to reveal publication trends and interactions between study outcomes based on the data obtained from the Web of Science. To access the appropriate articles, a search was conducted using the keyword “laminitis” as the inclusion criteria. The search criteria included selecting “English” as the language, “Article” as the document type, and “All Fields” as the search method. The study revealed that a total of 967 articles were published during the analyzed period. The average annual growth rate of the studies was found to be 6.35%. The highest number of articles were published in 2019 with 64 articles (%6.61). With the keyword analysis, “lameness”, “cattle,” and “dairy cattle” were identified as the most relevant keywords. The analysis of the keywords indicated that Laminitis is an important concern not only for animal welfare but also for behavioral sciences as well as economic loss. In terms of article count, the United Kingdom exhibited the highest performance. The journal with the highest number of articles in this field was Preventive Veterinary Medicine %8.8 (85 articles). Whay H.R. from the United Kingdom was identified as the most influential author. A general upward trend in the number of publications primarily driven by developed countries was observed during the period analyzed in the study.